Gender a výzkum / Gender and Research . X:X | DOI: 10.13060/gav.2025.003

The Conceptualisation of Female Heroism in Ukrainian Society During Periods of Armed Conflict and Crisis

Tetiana Khraban ORCID..., Mykhailo Khraban ORCID...
Kruty Military Institute of Telecommunications and Information Technology

This study focuses on the specific conceptualisations of female heroism among  Facebook users in Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian conflict. The material utilised in this study is drawn from an authentic corpus of written texts that exemplify the prevailing attitudes and perceptions of female heroism among Ukrainian Facebook users. We argue/suggest that the period of upheaval and crisis in Ukraine has had the effect of expanding the range of potential heroes and that the role of gender in the attribution of heroism has become less significant. The direct physical danger involved in engaging in combat is a key aspect in the conceptualisation of Ukrainian women’s heroic actions. The heroic risk associated with helping others and caring for people is increasingly perceived not in terms of altruism, but in terms of dominance. Given the contemporary need for charismatic leaders to navigate the country through the profound systemic crisis caused by the war, the concept of female heroism is evolving to align with the archetypal and prototypical characteristics associated with leadership. The conceptualisation of female heroism is shifting towards leadership qualities that are considered essential for uniting the nation and guiding the country through this crisis.

Klíčová slova: female heroism, discourse, conceptual models

Vloženo: 25. říjen 2024; Revidováno: 20. červen 2025; Přijato: 7. červenec 2025; Zveřejněno online: 17. září 2025 

Stáhnout citaci

Reference

  1. Allison, S. T., G. R. Goethals. 2011. Heroes: What They Do and Why We Need Them. New York: Oxford University Press.
  2. Allison, S. T., G. R. Goethals. 2014. Now He Belongs to the Ages. The Heroic Leadership Dynamic and Deep Narratives of Greatness. Pp. 167-183 in G. R. Goethals, S. T. Allison, R. M. Kramer, D. M. Messick (eds.). Conceptions of Leadership: Enduring Ideas and Emerging Insights. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  3. Aupitak, T. 2023. Feminist Quest Heroine: Female Superheroines and Deconstruction of Male Heroism. REDEN. Revista Española De Estudios Norteamericanos 5 (1): 109-127, https://doi.org/10.37536/reden.2023.5.2153. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  4. Ayton, D., T. Tsindos, D. Berkovic. 2023. Qualitative Research - A Practical Guide for Health and Social Care Researchers and Practitioners. Melbourne: Council of Australian University Librarians, Open Educational Resources Collective.
  5. Becker, S. W., A. H. Eagly. 2004. The Heroism of Women and Men. The American Psychologist 59 (3): 163-178, https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.59.3.163. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  6. Bigazzi, S., F. Csernus, A. Siegler, I. Bokrétás, S. Serdült, I. Ilea, A. Giourga, M. Kahraman, B. Takács. 2023. Social Representations of Heroes: Triggers from the Past, Values in the Present, Patterns for the Future. Human Arenas 6: 830-854, https://doi.org/10.1007/s42087-021-00248-5. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  7. Braun, V., V. Clarke. 2023. Toward Good Practice in Thematic Analysis: Avoiding Common Problems and Be(Com)ing a Knowing Researcher. International Journal of Transgender Health 24 (1): 1-6, https://doi.org/10.1080/26895269.2022.2129597. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  8. Burch, R. L., L. Johnsen. 2020. Captain Dorito and the Bombshell: Supernormal Stimuli in Comics and Film. Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences 14 (2): 115-131, https://doi.org/10.1037/ebs0000164. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  9. Christou, P.A. 2023. How To Use Thematic Analysis in Qualitative Research. Journal of Qualitative Research in Tourism 1: 1-17, https://doi.org/10.4337/jqrt.2023.0006. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  10. Cree, A. 2019. People Want to See Tears': Military Heroes and the 'Constant Penelope' of the UK's Military Wives Choir. Gender, Place & Culture 27 (2): 218-238, https://doi.org/10.1080/0966369X.2019.1615414. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  11. Dallacqua, A. K., D. E. Low. 2021. Cupcakes and Beefcakes: Students' Readings of Gender in Superhero Texts. Gender and Education 33 (1): 68-85, https://doi.org/10.1080/09540253.2019.1633460. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  12. Dutz, R., S. Hubner, C. Peus. 2022. When Agency 'Fits' Regardless of Gender: Perceptions of Applicant Fit When Job and Organization Signal Male Stereotypes. Personnel Psychology 75: 441-483, https://doi.org/10.1111/peps.12470. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  13. Efthimiou, O. 2017. The Hero Organism: Advancing the Embodiment of Heroism Thesis in the Twenty-First Century. Pp. 139-162 in S. T. Allison, G. R. Goethals, R. M. Kramer (eds.). Handbook of Heroism and Heroic Leadership. New York: Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group.
  14. Franco, Z. E., S. T. Allison, E. L. Kinsella, A. Kohen, M. Langdon, P. G. Zimbardo. 2018. Heroism Research: A Review of Theories, Methods, Challenges, and Trends. Journal of Humanistic Psychology 58 (4): 382-396, https://doi.org/10.1177/0022167816681232. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  15. Franco, Z. E., K. Blau, P. G. Zimbardo. 2011. Heroism: A Conceptual Analysis and Differentiation Between Heroic Action and Altruism. Review of General Psychology 15 (2): 99-113, https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022672. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  16. Fuchs, K. 2023. A Systematic Guide for Conducting Thematic Analysis in Qualitative Tourism Research. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 14 (6): 2696-2703, https://doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v14.6(70).17. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  17. Grodal, S., M. Anteby, A L. Holm. 2021. Achieving Rigor in Qualitative Analysis: The Role of Active Categorization in Theory Building. Academy of Management Review 46: 591-612, https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2018.0482. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  18. Hogg, M. A. 2001. A Social Identity Theory of Leadership. Personality and Social Psychology Review 5 (3): 184-200, https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327957PSPR0503_1. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  19. Keczer, Z., B. File, G. Orosz, P. G. Zimbardo. 2016. Social Representations of Hero and Everyday Hero: A Network Study from Representative Samples. PLoS ONE 11 (8): e0159354, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0159354. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  20. Khraban, T. 2021. Arkhetypichni aspekty obrazu heroia v suchasnomu ukrainskomu neinstytutsiinomu viiskovomu dyskursi (Archetypical Aspects of Hero Image in Modern Ukrainian Non-Institutional Military Discourse). Sotsialni komunikatsii: teoriia i praktyka - Social Communications: Theory and Practice 12 (1): 83-97, https://doi.org/10.51423/2524-0471-2021-12-1-2. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  21. Khraban, T. 2023. Concept of Social Responsibility in the Context of the Russia-Ukraine Military Conflict. Polish Sociological Review 221 (1): 75-84, https://doi.org/10.26412/psr221.04. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  22. Khraban, T. 2024. Developing a Well-balanced Military Identity among Female Military Personnel. Polish Sociological Review 225 (1): 69-82, https://doi.org/10.26412/psr225.04. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  23. Khraban, T. Ie., K. O. Samoilenko. 2023. Vysvitlennia obraziv viiskovosluzhbovyts v ukrainskykh media v period rosiisko-ukrainskoi viiny (Representations of Servicewomen by the Ukrainian Media During the Russo-Ukrainian War). Ukrainskyi sotsium - Ukrainian Society 2 (85): 145-167, https://doi.org/10.15407/socium2023.02.145. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  24. Kinsella, E. L., T. D. Ritchie, E. R. Igou. 2015. Zeroing in on Heroes: A Prototype Analysis of Hero Features. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 108 (1): 114-127, https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038463. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  25. Kinsella, E. L., T. D. Ritchie, E. R. Igou. 2017. On the Bravery and Courage of Heroes: Considering Gender. Heroism Science 2 (1): article 4, https://doi.org/10.26736/hs.2017.01.04. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  26. Kolpinskaya, E., N. Danilova. 2024. Heroes as Harbingers of Social Change: Gender, Race, and Hero Choice in the USA and Britain. International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society 37: 331-351, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10767-023-09465-y. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  27. Lash, J. 1995. The Hero: Manhood and Power. New York: Thames and Hudson.
  28. Leap, B., K. Kelly, M. C. Stalp. 2022. Me? A Hero? Gendered Work and Attributions of Heroism among Volunteers during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Sociology 57 (5): 1209-1226, https://doi.org/10.1177/00380385221136035. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  29. Martens, K., O. Efthimiou, Z. E. Franco. 2018. Reimagining Heroism: A Conceptual Analysis through Antigone and Medea. Journal of Humanistic Psychology 58 (4): 431-443, https://doi.org/10.1177/0022167816686690. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  30. Mir, B., J. Bhattacharya, G. Gayas. 2022. Female Heroism and Folktales: Analysing the Social Construction of Hero in the Middle Ages through Select Kashmiri Folktales. Journal of Narrative and Language Studies 10 (19): 62-71. Retrieved 28/5/2025 (https://nalans.com/index.php/nalans/article/view/513).
  31. Neuendorf, K. A. 2018. Content Analysis and Thematic Analysis. Pp. 211-223 in P. Gough (ed.). Advanced Research Methods for Applied Psychology. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315517971-21. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  32. Peabody, B., K. Jenkins. 2017. Where Have All the Heroes Gone? The Changing Nature of American Valor. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  33. Pink, K. J. 2022. My Grandmother, My Hero: Storytelling, Resilience, and Intergenerational Solidarity. Ohio Communication Journal 60: 79-90, https://www.ohiocomm.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Pink.pdf.
  34. Rankin, L. E., A. H. Eagly. 2008. Is His Heroism Hailed and Hers Hidden? Women, Men, and the Social Construction of Heroism. Psychology of Women Quarterly 32 (4): 414-422, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.2008.00455.x. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  35. Rusch, H. 2023. Interdisciplinarity of Heroism. Pp.1-8 in S. T. Allison, J. K. Beggan, G. R. Goethals (eds.). Encyclopedia of Heroism Studies. Cham: Springer, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17125-3_306-1. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  36. Salas-Rodríguez, J., L. Gómez-Jacinto, I. Hombrados-Mendieta, N. Del Pino-Brunet. 2022. Applying an Evolutionary Approach of Risk-Taking Behaviors in Adolescents. Frontiers in Psychology 12: 694134, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.694134. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  37. Santoniccolo, F., T. Trombetta, M. N. Paradiso, L. Rollè. 2023. Gender and Media Representations: A Review of the Literature on Gender Stereotypes, Objectification and Sexualization. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20 (10): 5770, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20105770. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  38. Stanley, M. L., S. Shepherd, A. C. Kay. 2023. Heroization and Ironic Funneling Effects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 125 (1): 29-56, https://doi.org/10.1037/pspa0000336. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  39. Stice, E. 2023. Leading Like Lions: The Model Junior Officer in the Great War and a Critique of Present-Day Mainstream Leadership Models. Leadership 19 (5): 431-455, https://doi.org/10.1177/17427150231198767. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  40. Sun, Y., E. L. Kinsella, E. R. Igou. 2024. On Cultural Differences of Heroes: Evidence from Individualistic and Collectivistic Cultures. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 50 (6): 841-856, https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672221150238. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  41. Tremmel, M., I. Wahl. 2023. Gender Stereotypes in Leadership: Analyzing the Content and Evaluation of Stereotypes about Typical, Male, and Female Leaders. Frontiers in Psychology 14: 1034258, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1034258. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  42. Tussing, D. V., A. Wihler, T. V. Astandu, J. I. Menges. 2022. Should I Stay or Should I Go? The Role of Individual Strivings in Shaping the Relationship Between Envy and Avoidance Behaviors at Work. Journal of Organizational Behavior 43: 567-583, https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2593. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  43. Wang, J., D. Sun, J. Jiang, H. Wang, X. Cheng, Q. Ruan, Y. Wang. 2022. The Effect of Courage on Stress: The Mediating Mechanism of Behavioral Inhibition and Behavioral Activation in High-Risk Occupations. Frontiers in Psychology 13: article 961387, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.961387. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  44. Wang, X., M. Li. 2022. Hurting All the Way: The Emotional Antecedent and Consequence of Social Rejection. Frontiers in Psychology 13: 885384, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.885384. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
  45. Yadav, D. 2022. Criteria for Good Qualitative Research: A Comprehensive Review. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher 31: 679-689, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-021-00619-0. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...

Tento článek je publikován v režimu tzv. otevřeného přístupu k vědeckým informacím (Open Access), který je distribuován pod licencí Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0), která umožňuje nekomerční distribuci, reprodukci a změny, pokud je původní dílo řádně ocitováno. Není povolena distribuce, reprodukce nebo změna, která není v souladu s podmínkami této licence.